IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT OF THE UKRAINE–EU ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT: CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive study of the implementation process of the environmental component of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, which constitutes a key element in the country’s system of European integration reforms. Since September 1, 2017, after the Agreement entered into full force, Ukraine has assumed clear obligations to harmonize national legislation with EU law, particularly in the field of environmental protection. The study analyzes the legal and regulatory framework for the implementation of 26 EU directives and 3 regulations concerning air and water quality, waste management, biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and industrial pollution prevention.

Special attention is paid to the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) and the introduction of an integrated permitting system, which serves as the primary tool for controlling industrial emissions in EU countries. The content and significance of the Law of Ukraine “On Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control,” adopted on July 16, 2024, are examined; this law established a new model of state environmental governance focused on the application of Best Available Techniques and Methods (BAT/BEP). The main stages of reform implementation, its advantages, and associated risks are identified, particularly in the context of military actions, economic instability, and the need for industrial sector modernization.

A separate section is devoted to analyzing the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, which introduces a river basin–based approach to water management. The creation of basin councils, development of river basin management plans, and implementation of a national water monitoring system in line with EU standards are highlighted. The adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to other water-related directives is also considered, including urban wastewater treatment, nitrate pollution, flood risk management, and the assurance of drinking water quality.

The conclusions emphasize that fulfilling environmental obligations is not only a requirement of the Association Agreement but also a fundamental condition for Ukraine’s transition to a sustainable economy and for enhancing environmental security. The need to strengthen institutional capacity, provide financial support for eco-modernization of enterprises, and continue regulatory convergence with EU law is underscored.