ANALYSIS OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SERVICES IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Ukraine is among the countries of the world with insufficient water resources. The article examines indicators of water supply and wastewater services in the regions of Ukraine during the period preceding the outbreak of large-scale hostilities, serving as a basis for further measures aimed at improving the situation in the future.
It is shown that in recent years Ukraine has experienced an overall decline in water abstraction from natural sources—including both surface and groundwater—along with a decrease in water consumption and the discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies.
Based on 2021 data, groups of Ukrainian regions were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis, taking into account such indicators as abstraction of surface and groundwater and water use (included in one calculation), as well as total water abstraction from natural sources, water use, and wastewater discharge into surface water bodies (included in another calculation). The results of both analyses were similar: Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, and Odesa regions formed separate clusters, while the remaining regions included in the study were grouped into one large cluster.
Cluster analysis (K-means method) was also applied to study indicators such as the provision of centralized water supply and centralized wastewater services (in cities, urban-type settlements, and villages). The results showed that the most favorable situation in terms of centralized water supply is observed in Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, and Khmelnytskyi regions, while the least favorable conditions are found in Volyn, Zhytomyr, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Cherkasy, and Chernihiv regions. The highest level of centralized wastewater service provision is recorded in Kyiv region, whereas the lowest levels are observed in Volyn, Odesa, Poltava, Sumy, Cherkasy, and Chernihiv regions. To improve the situation regarding the provision of centralized water supply to the population, attention should be paid, first of all, to the construction of water supply facilities in villages. Regarding wastewater services, measures are needed to expand the sewage network in urban-type settlements and villages.
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