Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal

THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION AND THE NORTH SEA–CASPIAN OSCILLATION INFLUENCE ON THE CLIMATIC FACTORS OF THE DNISTER RIVER RUNOFF FORMATION IN THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY (UKRAINE)

2026-07-14T19:43:30+03:00

The relevance of the chosen topic stems from the impact of climate change on the water runoff of Ukraine’s rivers, among which the Dniester River plays a significant role. The Dniester supplies water to the south-western part of Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. Climate change is primarily driven by the influence of climatic factors (precipitation and air temperature) on runoff formation. The aim of this study is to identify the role of atmospheric processes – the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Sea Caspian Pattern (NCP) – on the climatic factors influencing the Dniester’s runoff. The main research method is regression analysis. The moving average method was applied to identify cyclicality in the fluctuations of the indices. The study utilises hydrological and meteorological data from 1948, and for the joint analysis of time series – from 1955 to 2021. Since the available databases contain NCP indices only up to 2005, the authors extended the index series to 2021 in accordance with the methodology of Kutiel H., Benaroch Y. (2002). To calculate the NCP index for the period 2006–2021, ERA5 reanalysis data on geopotential at the 500 hPa isobaric surface (Z500) were used at the centres of the North Sea (55°N, 5°E) and the North Caspian Sea (45°N, 55°E). Data from thirteen meteorological stations (Mostyska, Yavoriv, Lviv, Stryi, Drohobych, Turka, Slavske, Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ternopil, Liubashivka, Rozdilna) were analysed. It was found that the long-term average air temperatures at all meteorological stations are characterised by a statistically significant correlation with winter NAO indices. This indicates the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the formation of the air temperature regime in the Dniester catchment along its entire length from the north-west to the south-east (within Ukraine). No links between NAO indices and precipitation characteristics have been established. The role of the NCP in shaping the Dniester’s annual runoff is less significant. A close inverse relationship has been established between annual precipitation totals and NCP indices for the upper reaches of the Dniester (Mostyska, Yavoriv, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Stryi, Drohobych). No such correlations were found for other meteorological stations. It has been shown that during the negative phase of NCP fluctuations, both precipitation and the flow of the Strv’yazh, Vereshchytsia and Shcherok rivers increase. This circumstance accounts for the distinctive characteristics of flow fluctuations in these rivers, in contrast to other tributaries of the Dniester. The established patterns will allow for a more accurate assessment of the prospects for changes in the flow of the Dniester’s tributaries under the influence of global atmospheric processes.

THE TERRITORIAL METHOD OF FORECASTING THE LOW–FLOW DISCHARGE AND ASSESSMENT OF STREAMFLOW DEFICIT OCCASION OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE RIVERS

2026-07-14T19:45:36+03:00

The paper investigates the features of low–flow discharge formation in the rivers of Southern Ukraine under current climate change conditions. It examines a territorial method for short–term forecasting of low–flow discharges and substantiates approaches to the spatial assessment of streamflow deficit and its probability of occurrence during the contemporary river water–bearing period. The relevance of the study is driven by the escalating water resource scarcity, the increasing frequency of hydrological droughts, and the urgent need for operational low–flow forecasting to ensure effective water resource management in the region. The objective of the study is to improve the territorial method for forecasting mean decade (10– day) water discharges during the summer–autumn and winter low–flow periods (by extending the hydrological observation series, refining seasonal territorial relationships, and extending the temporal boundaries of the summer hydrological season), as well as to develop approaches for the spatial assessment of streamflow deficit and its probability of occurrence in the rivers of Southern Ukraine. It is established that under current climate change conditions in Southern Ukraine, there is a downward trend in river low–flow discharge, which is associated with rising air temperatures and shifts in atmospheric precipitation patterns. This leads to an intensification of water resource scarcity and an increased risk of hydrological drought development. The study utilizes long–term observation series of water discharges in the river basins of the Southern Bug, Lower Dnieper, and rivers of the North–Western Black Sea region for the period 1980–2020 when improving the forecasting methodology and in the period until 2025 – to test the methodology on independent data. The forecast method used is based on calculating the characteristics of water runoff depletion during the low water period in the form of regional relationships between initial and forecast runoff modules, statistical evaluation of the forecasting technique, and cartographic analysis of the spatial distribution of forecast characteristics were performed. To evaluate the probability of streamflow deficit occurrence, empirical curves of low–flow discharge probability of exceedance were constructed. The findings indicate that the territorial method ensures satisfactory quality of short– term forecasts for mean decade water discharges, with a quality criterion ratio of S/σ = 0,71–0,82 and an admissible error confidence level of 74–87%. The continuation of the low–flow runoff phase in the contemporary climatic period has been detected, particularly for the rivers of the North–Western Black Sea region, where the drying up of small watercourses is observed in certain seasons. Spatial analysis of forecast runoff modules and their probability of exceedance allowed for the identification of areas at the highest risk of hydrological drought development. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application in the operations of hydrometeorological and water management organizations, water use planning, assessment of the ecological status of river basins, and the development of climate change adaptation measures.

ETCCDI INDICES IN THE ODESSA REGION BASED ON ERA5-LAND REANALYSIS AND STATION OBSERVATIONS: TRENDS AND VALIDATION FOR 1991–2020

2026-07-14T19:46:38+03:00

Changes in the precipitation extremes regime in the North-Western Black Sea region are investigated based on ten ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) indices derived from the ERA5-Land reanalysis (spatial resolution 0,1°) for the standard climate normal period 1991–2020. Temporal trends are assessed using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test with trend magnitude estimated by Sen's slope estimator. Spatial analysis is performed for the ERA5-Land grid within the domain 46,0–47,5°N, 30,0–31,5°E; seasonal analysis is conducted separately for the cold (November–March) and warm (April–October) seasons. Validation of the А. Б. Семергей-Чумаченко reanalysis results is carried out by comparison with observational data from the Odessa meteorological station (ECA&D, STAID: 400) for the same period. Annual trend analysis reveals a statistically insignificant at the standard level of p<0,05, but pronounced decreasing tendency in total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT: −3,48 mm/yr, p=0,064). Seasonal trend decomposition demonstrates that all statistically significant trends are confined to the warm season: a decrease in PRCPTOT (−2,60 mm/yr, p=0,032), a reduction in the frequency of days with precipitation ≥10 mm (R10MM: −0,088 days/yr, p=0,012), and a statistically insignificant at p<0,05, but pronounced increase in the length of dry spells (CDD: +0,208 days/yr, p=0,094). No significant trends are detected during the cold season. Spatial trend analysis using the Mann-Kendall test reveals the predominance of significant negative signals for PRCPTOT and R10MM across most of the study domain, with the most pronounced decrease in the northern and central parts of the domain. The spatial distribution of CDD trends is characterised by heterogeneity: significant positive trends are recorded in the eastern part of the region, while the coastal zone exhibits insignificant negative or neutral values, potentially indicating a modifying influence of the Black Sea. For RX1DAY, spatial analysis reveals significant negative trends in the northern part of the region, which contrasts with the increasing trend recorded at the Odessa meteorological station (+0,90 mm/yr, p=0,010), indicating limitations of the reanalysis in capturing point-scale precipitation extremes. Validation against ECA&D data reveals satisfactory agreement for accumulated precipitation indices (PRCPTOT: R=0,45, p=0,012; R10MM: R=0,51, p=0,004). The results may indicate increasing warm-season dryness in the North-Western Black Sea region during 1991–2020, consistent with regional tendencies of summer precipitation decline characteristic of the Black Sea and Mediterranean sectors. The identified trends have practical implications for water resource assessment and agroclimatic conditions in southern Ukraine.

DEPENDENCE OF MAXIMUM ICE EXTENT IN THE DAVIS STRAIT AND THE LABRADOR SEA WITH ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND SURFACE WIND SPEED IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC AND THE ARCTIC OCEANS

2026-07-14T19:47:36+03:00

The Arctic region has undergone unprecedented climate changes over recent decades, with air temperatures there rising much more significantly than in other parts of the globe. This phenomenon has been termed "Arctic amplification." Alongside other consequences, it has triggered a rapid reduction in ice cover, including within the Northwest Passage, which under modern conditions is set to play an increasingly important role in global shipping. Considering global trends in maritime logistics—evidenced by declining throughput in the Panama Canal (due to significant climate-driven shallowing) and the Red Sea (due to military actions)—the passage emerges as a promising new route that significantly reduces transport distances between North America, Europe, and East Asia. Therefore, issues regarding ice regime dynamics in the Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea, where the route to the Pacific Ocean begins, carry significant importance. Ice melting stems primarily from meteorological conditions. These include such interrelated quantities as surface wind speed and sea-level atmospheric pressure. Horizontal pressure gradients Залежність максимального розповсюдження криги в протоці Дейвіса і морі Лабрадор з атмосферним тиском і швидкістю приземного вітру в північній частині Атлантичного океану та Північному Льодовитому океані determine the parameters of airflows, which in turn can cause heat advection or enhance ice drift, contributing to its fragmentation and the formation of open water. Open water, in turn, absorbs more solar radiation, intensifying local heating and subsequent melting. This work uses statistical analysis as its methodological basis to determine the pronounced dependence between the maximum ice extent in the Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea and these two factors. In accordance with the set objective, this study identifies correlations between a quasi-stationary time series of ice extent anomalies as of April 15 for the period 1979–2023 (obtained from the authors' previous research) and the monthly mean series of sea-level atmospheric pressure and wind speed at a 10 m height. The calculations were performed incrementally for 10° to 0.5° squares and for specific points in the North Atlantic and its surrounding continental areas, as well as for Greenland, the Canadian Arctic, and a small region of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Based on the calculation results, the study describes the features of the spatio-temporal distribution of correlation coefficients and identifies regions and points where these coefficients reach extreme values. The obtained data create a foundation for enabling further prediction of ice extent in the Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea, aiming to prolong the navigation season and enhance maritime safety within the context of modern realities.

ASSESSMENT OF THE BALANCE OF BIOGENIC ELEMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF UKRAINE UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS OF SPRING BARLEY CULTIVATION

2026-07-14T20:06:07+03:00

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the balance of biogenic elements in the agroecosystems of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine under current spring barley cultivation conditions. The aim of the study was to identify the patterns of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance formation under the influence of agrometeorological changes, transformation of crop acreage structure and mineral fertilizer application during 2015–2025 within Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions. The study was based on the balance method for assessing biogenic elements, statistical analysis of crop acreage, spring barley yield and fertilizer application data, as well as agrometeorological analysis using the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and the D. I. Shashko aridity index. Spatial and temporal changes in agroclimatic conditions, dynamics of cultivated areas, fertilizer use patterns and the relationship between nutrient inputs, removal and losses were evaluated. A persistent trend towards a reduction in spring barley acreage was identified in all studied regions, with the most pronounced decline observed in Kherson region. The results revealed an intensification of climate aridization manifested by decreasing hydrothermal coefficient values and increasing aridity index values. The most unfavorable moisture conditions were found in Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions, where the combination of atmospheric moisture deficit and elevated temperatures limits the efficiency of nutrient uptake by plants. The dominance of nitrogen fertilizers and insufficient application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were established. Significant regional differences in fertilizer use were identified, together with a decline in fertilizer application rates in some regions after 2021. The balance calculations demonstrated that nutrient removal by harvest consistently exceeded nutrient inputs from fertilizers, resulting in a stable negative balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium throughout all studied regions. The obtained results indicate increasing risks of soil resource depletion in the agroecosystems of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine under ongoing climate change and insufficient compensation of nutrient removal. The findings may be used for improving fertilization systems, assessing agroecosystem sustainability and forecasting future changes in soil fertility under further climatic transformations.

AGROCLIMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF SPRING FROSTS FOR FRUIT CROPS IN THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION UNDER MODERN CLIMATE CHANGE

2026-07-14T20:06:57+03:00

Агрокліматична оцінка ризику весняних заморозків для плодових культур у Закарпатській області в умовах сучасної зміни клімату This study addresses the urgent issue of adapting industrial fruit growing to the transforming climatic regime in the Transcarpathian region. The research focuses on analyzing risks arising from spring frosts with intensities down to -2°C, which are critical for fruit trees during the flowering phase. The study covers a long-term observation period from 2001 to 2025, allowing for the identification of stable trends in the region's thermal regime changes. We have established that global warming creates a paradoxical situation for Transcarpathian horticulture. On one hand, there is an increase in the sum of active temperatures; on the other hand, there remains a consistently high frequency of late spring frosts. The research indicates that the onset dates of the flowering phase for pome and stone fruits are shifting to earlier dates. At the same time, the dates of the last spring frosts do not show a proportional shift toward the beginning of spring. This leads to a critical reduction in the "phenological safety interval," defined here as the time gap between the last critical temperature drop and the onset of mass flowering. We identified significant spatial differentiation in agroclimatic risks depending on elevation and topographical features. The most threatening situation is characteristic of mountainous areas, particularly according to data from the Nyzhni Vorota meteorological station, where the amplitude of safety interval fluctuations is maximal. The study assessed the impact of warming on specific crop types. We established that apricot is the most vulnerable crop, as its flowering phase in most studied years completely coincides with the period of probable frosts. Comparative analysis showed that the apple tree is the most adapted to modern conditions, maintaining a more stable safety interval due to later vegetation stages. Conversely, plum and sweet cherry demonstrate a trend toward the convergence of flowering dates with the last frost dates, increasingly leading these crops into a "frost trap" and resulting in partial or total crop loss. The results obtained characterize the patterns of degradation in the temporal resources for safe horticultural development. We have proven that minimizing yield losses requires a revision of orchard placement strategies and the implementation of active protection methods, such as artificial fogging systems and wind machines. This work confirms the hypothesis regarding the necessity of microclimatic zoning for the effective management of high-risk agricultural production.

CHANGES IN THE HYDROECOLOGICAL STATUS INDICATORS OF THE TYLIHUL ESTUARY AFTER THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SEA-CONNECTING CHANNEL

2026-07-14T20:08:19+03:00

In 2016-2017, the connecting channel “Tylihul Estuary - Black Sea” was reconstructed with the aim of improving the hydroecological status of the estuary by increasing its external water exchange with the sea. This article is devoted to analyzing changes in the hydroecological status of the estuary based on a set of hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological characteristics of its ecosystem that occurred after the reconstruction of the connecting channel. The comparative analysis is based on data obtained from monthly hydroecological monitoring of the estuary during 2025, as well as retrospective data on its hydroecological characteristics collected prior to the channel reconstruction. It was established that the reconstruction of the connecting channel did not achieve its main objective, as no decrease in water salinity in the estuary occurred as a result of intensified bidirectional water exchange with the sea. Concentrations of mineral and organic nitrogen and phosphorus in the estuary waters increased compared to the period before the reconstruction. Phytoplankton species diversity decreased, with a predominance of marine species; fish species diversity and catches in the estuary also declined. The state of the ichthyofauna and fish productivity of the estuary did not improve and remain unstable. The main reason for this is the discrepancy between the actual morphometric characteristics of the channel and the design specifications, non-compliance with established operational rules, and additionally, the construction of a new bridge crossing over the channel, which hindered water exchange between the estuary and the sea. By the end of June 2025, the average cross-sectional area of the channel was 2.8 times smaller than the design value, and the average depth was 2.2 times less than the design specification (2.0 m and 0.91 m, respectively). The general conclusion is that the reconstruction of the “sea-estuary” connecting channel carried out in 2016-2017 did not achieve its intended goal. Recommendations are provided for measures to improve the current hydroecological status of the Tylihul Estuary.

MONETIZATION OF CERTAIN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (BENEFITS) OF NATURAL SYSTEMS OF THE NORTHWESTERN BLACK SEA SHELF

2026-07-14T20:09:10+03:00

Ecosystem services are all the useful resources and benefits that modern humanity can receive from nature (both material and non-material benefits from abiogenic and biogenic components of various natural systems). Monetization of ecosystem services is important for improving the situation in the field of environmental protection, serving as the basis for making informed management decisions, as they allow determining the losses from their irrational use, justifying the economic efficiency of investments in environmental protection activities, comparing the costs and benefits of the services provided, and calculating the amount of compensation payments. At the same time, a number of scientists are against “assigning a price tag” to the wealth of nature, believing that the value of nature is infinite and cannot be expressed in monetary terms, and evaluating its individual elements is simply absurd. The magnitude of the natural resource potential, which is an element of social (national or regional) wealth, can be quantitatively represented only through cost indicators in the so-called national cadastral or world prices. the city's land cover, the territory of which is characterized by quite diverse soil and geochemical conditions. The purpose of the work is to monetize individual ecosystem services (useful properties) of natural systems of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. The work is based on the analysis of published data of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as on the materials of their own research. The authors characterized individual ecosystem services (useful properties) of natural systems of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea, and also made an attempt to economically evaluate them based on existing information on market prices. Despite the oriented assessment of the value of some ecosystem services (useful properties) of natural systems of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea, they show their significant importance for the development of the economy of the coastal regions of Ukraine. The cost assessment of some ecosystem services (useful properties) of natural systems in war conditions is associated with certain difficulties, but even based on minimal values, the problems of their restoration and the prospects for their assimilation can be a significant contribution to the economic potential of the state. The maximum value falls on hydrocarbon resources, in particular on natural gas reserves, but since only 4% of the forecast reserves of hydrocarbon resources have been explored, in the future the cost assessment of hydrocarbon resources may be significantly increased, and therefore the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits in the post-war period is an important task of ensuring the energy security of the state. Providing an economic assessment of some ecosystem services (maintenance, regulation, cultural) is a difficult task, but they are also very important components of the natural resource potential of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea.

SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE: PRINCIPLES OF WASTE MINIMIZATION AT THE STAGES OF THE MATERIAL LIFE CYCLE

2026-07-14T20:10:18+03:00

The paper proposes an industrial waste management mechanism based on a hierarchical system of scientifically grounded principles. Unlike empirical approaches to waste treatment and processing, the proposed mechanism ensures waste minimization according to the properties and В.С. Волошин, В.А. Бурко qualitative characteristics of waste at each stage of its generation - technological and operational as well as throughout the entire life cycle of the waste itself. A functional scheme has been developed reflecting the structural hierarchy of industrial waste management principles in relation to fundamental natural science laws and patterns. The system comprises five hierarchically ordered principles: conservation and redistribution of energy and matter; thermodynamic efficiency and irreversibility of processing; hazard and reaction activity of substances in waste of various hazard classes; potential resource value of waste; and system integration and cybernetic controllability of waste minimization processes. The proposed hierarchy complies with current international requirements for industrial waste management systems and provides a scientifically grounded basis for the systematization of waste management methods. The approach enables consideration of both the fundamental laws of natural science and the capabilities of the modern technosphere integrated with cybernetic control systems. The practical application of the proposed model is demonstrated using lithium-ion battery waste management as a case study, where solutions ranging from mechanical separation and thermolysis to electrochemical ion exchange and secondary use of components are considered depending on the depth of intervention.

INNOVATIVE FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING A FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGE WITH BACTERICIDAL EFFECT UNDER CONDITIONS OF OPTIMIZED USE OF MINERAL WATER RESOURCES

2026-07-14T20:11:18+03:00

The development of innovative solutions aimed at improving the quality of food products based on underground mineral waters, under conditions of their rational use, will contribute to aligning the country with European legislative requirements regarding water resource management, as well as their environmentally oriented restoration and protection. One of the key directions for ensuring the conservation of mineral water resources and sources of fresh drinking water is the maximum utilization of their valuable nutritional components, especially in urbanized and densely populated areas. The use of immunomodulating additives in mineral waters will not only improve the quality indicators of beverages but also contribute to the optimization of groundwater resource use. Providing drinking products with immunomodulating properties and a bactericidal effect will supply the consumer’s body with a complex of vitamins and biologically active substances in a shorter time compared to conventional mineral water. The aim of this study is to analyze innovative food biotechnology for producing a functional beverage with a bactericidal effect under conditions of optimized use of mineral water resources. The object of the study is the biotechnology of producing an environmentally safe drinking product with immunomodulating properties. The subject of the research is the quality assessment of a mineral water–based drinking product with the addition of an immunomodulating plant extract to enhance the immune status of the population under martial law conditions. The study employed theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, and systematization of scientific sources and regulatory documents), empirical methods (assessment of drinking water quality indicators; determination of the sanitary-hygienic coli index; determination of microbial count; biotesting), as well as methods of interpretation and generalization of results, which made it possible to evaluate the main quality indicators of a functional immunomodulating beverage with a bactericidal effect. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the addition of an immunomodulating plant extract based on Echinacea purpurea and Citrus limon to impart functional properties to drinking mineral water of the BUVETTE brand, an important daily food product. This approach contributes to improving public health and the immune status of the population. The practical significance of the work lies in obtaining a functional immunomodulating beverage with a bactericidal effect under conditions of optimized use of mineral water resources, which contributes to the conservation of natural water resources. It has been determined that the quality of the original natural mineral water of the BUVETTE brand (LLC “Izumrud-LTD”) and the functional beverages with added bioactive plant extracts based on Echinacea purpurea and Citrus limon meet regulatory requirements according to organoleptic indicators and biotesting results. The addition of the immunomodulating plant extract improves the sanitary and hygienic quality indicators, as evidenced by a reduction in the microbial count of drinking beverages by more than 60% compared to the control, while coli-index values reach zero. This confirms the bactericidal effect of the beverages due to the presence of biologically active substances in plant extracts, which will contribute to enhancing immune response and reducing morbidity among consumers

INTEGRATION OF MASS TIMBER TECHNOLOGIES INTO NET ZERO STRATEGIES AND POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE (CASE STUDY OF KHARKIV)

2026-07-14T20:12:05+03:00

The study investigates the potential of integrating Mass Timber technologies, including Cross- Laminated Timber (CLT) and Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam), into building sector decarbonization strategies in accordance with the Net Zero concept and the requirements of postwar reconstruction in Ukraine. A comparative assessment of the technical, economic, and environmental performance of engineered timber systems and conventional reinforced concrete Н.В. Внукова , В.С. Слобожанюк structures was conducted. The carbon footprint of construction materials was evaluated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in compliance with ISO 14040/14044 standards for the A1–A3 (Cradle-to-Gate) stages. The results demonstrate that Mass Timber technologies contribute to significant reductions in embodied carbon, accelerated construction processes, improved building energy efficiency, and the establishment of a positive carbon balance through long-term carbon sequestration in wood. Mathematical modelling showed that 1 m³ of structural timber can store approximately 917 kg of CO₂. The resource potential of North-Eastern Ukraine was analysed, confirming favourable conditions for the establishment of a regional Mass Timber cluster capable of supporting large-scale housing and infrastructure reconstruction. Practical recommendations are proposed regarding the localization of CLT production, adaptation of national regulations to Eurocode 5 requirements, implementation of pilot demonstration projects, and development of mechanisms for monetizing carbon benefits through voluntary carbon markets. The findings confirm that Mass Timber technologies can serve as one of the key instruments for sustainable post-war recovery and decarbonization of Ukraine’s construction sector.

SEASONAL COMPONENT OF THE MORTALITY RISK AMONG THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE FROM DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

2026-07-14T20:12:44+03:00

An important feature of population mortality in different countries of the world is the seasonal component. This means that in the cold period of the year, the number of deaths increases compared to the warm period. Such a phenomenon is almost never described in domestic scientific publications, but it found important confirmation in the research of foreign authors. The presented study is dedicated to the study and statistical confirmation of the seasonal component of the indicator of the number of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system against the background of mortality from all causes, as well as the determination of the risks of excess mortality due to the role of the seasonal factor. To realize the goal of the study, the time series of the number of deaths of the population from all causes and from diseases of the circulatory system (including 2 nosological forms of this class of diseases) was analyzed, first graphically, and then statistically confirmed the presence of the main period of 12 months. Confirmation of the presence of this period of population mortality made it possible to assess such characteristics of environmental risk as the odds ratio and the relative risk of excess mortality of the population of Ukraine in the winter period compared to the summer period. Graphical, statistical (correlation analysis and Fourier analysis) and matrix (construction and analysis of conjugation tables) research methods were widely used in the conducted research. The results of the work were estimates of odds ratios (6.7-26.2% for all causes of death, 8.5- 26.7% for diseases of the circulatory system, 8.1-31.4% for іschaemic heart diseases, 10.2-26.3% for cerebrovascular diseases) and relative risk (6.2-26.1% for all causes of death, 8.2-26.6% for diseases of the circulatory system, 8.1-31.1% for ischaemic heart diseases, 10.2-26.3% for cerebrovascular diseases) of excess mortality of the population in winter compared to the summer period. The obtained results indicate that the environmental risks of excess mortality of the population of Ukraine are mainly determined by the corresponding characteristics of the risks from diseases of the circulatory system against the background of a whole complex of environmental factors that are typical for the cold period of the year.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO AERATION REGIME CONTROL IN TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE MICROBIOCENOSIS IN BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS

2026-07-14T20:24:21+03:00

The development of innovative environmental and biotechnological solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of wastewater biological treatment in aeration tanks is achieved through an integrated approach that ensures the stable progression of biochemical oxidation processes carried out by activated sludge microorganisms. This approach includes technical modernization, process automation, and optimization of technological parameters. The search for ways to optimize the technological parameters of wastewater supply, contact between wastewater and sludge mixture in biological treatment facilities remains highly relevant for achieving a high degree of wastewater purification. This is a key element in ensuring environmental safety and the sustainable development of industrial regions while reducing negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of the article is to develop an innovative technological solution for regulating the aeration mode of the microbiocenosis in biological treatment facilities within the technology of wastewater treatment by controlling the load on activated sludge under conditions of reducing pollution of natural water bodies. The object of the study is the biotechnology of wastewater treatment involving activated sludge microorganisms in aeration tanks under conditions of reducing pollution of natural aquatic environments. The subject of the study is the investigation of technological conditions for optimizing the aeration mode in a mixing aeration tank to ensure the effective functioning of the activated sludge microbiocenosis in wastewater treatment biotechnology. The study employed theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, and systematization of scientific sources and regulatory documents), empirical methods (sampling and storage of wastewater samples, hydrobiological analysis of activated sludge, determination of activated sludge age, activated sludge loading, dissolved oxygen concentration in wastewater, and wastewater flow rate), as well as methods of interpretation and generalization of results, which made it possible to evaluate the main parameters of activated sludge organism functioning and determine the degree of wastewater biological treatment in the aeration tank. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a technological solution for regulating the aeration regime of the activated sludge microbiocenosis in the technology of wastewater treatment by reducing the organic matter load through distributed wastewater inflow along the length of the mixing aeration tank. The practical significance of the work consists in the development, based on the results of hydrobiological analysis of activated sludge and the conditions of its functioning, of measures for optimizing aeration parameters and organic matter loading in wastewater within a mixing aeration tank by means of distributed wastewater inflow in a specific ratio through three inlet windows. This approach ensures high wastewater treatment efficiency and reduces pollution of natural water bodies. It was determined that the optimal distribution of wastewater along the length of the biological treatment facility for optimizing aeration conditions through balancing the organic matter load on Інноваційне технологічне рішення регуляції режиму аерації в екологічній біотехнології очищення стічних вод за умов оптимізації функціонування мікробіоценозу активного мулу в біоспорудах activated sludge involves supplying wastewater to the three inlet windows of the mixing aeration tank in the following percentage ratio of the total water flow: 48.3%, 36.7%, and 15.0%, respectively. As a result, the organic matter load on activated sludge will be maximal at the beginning of the first corridor and minimal at the end of the second corridor, while the dissolved oxygen concentration will remain balanced within the treatment facility wastewater. Moreover, the possibility of untreated water entering the discharge system at the treatment plant will be eliminated, thereby reducing pollution of water bodies.